A POP is an intermediate location between a GCP region and the end user. This location could be a third party datacenter or collection of hardware .POP is a mid‑network routing point, while an Edge POP is a nearby entry point where user traffic is terminated and accelerated.
Difference in Real‑World Latency (One Example)
Example:
A user in Amsterdam accessing an application hosted in GCP europe‑west4 (Netherlands).
Without an Edge POP (Regular POP / Direct to Region)
User
|
| Public Internet (ISP hops, IXPs) ~40 ms
|
POP (routing only)
|
| Google network ~10 ms
v
GCP Region
Result
- Traffic stays on the public internet longer.
- POP only routes traffic; no acceleration.
- Typical latency: ~50 ms
With an Edge POP (Ingress + Acceleration)
User
|
| Short ISP hop ~5 ms
v
Edge POP (Amsterdam)
| - Connection terminates
| - TLS / LB / CDN
|
| Google private backbone ~5 ms
v
GCP Region
Result
- User enters Google’s network almost immediately
- Traffic rides Google’s private backbone
- Typical latency: ~10 ms
One‑Line Takeaway
A POP is a mid‑network routing point, while an Edge POP is a nearby entry point where user traffic is terminated and accelerated—cutting real‑world latency from ~50 ms to ~10 ms.